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Example_Keyboards/Dell_Latitude_D630/Dell_D630_Keyboard_and_Touchpad.ino
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// This software is in the public domain
// It implements a Dell Latitude D630 Laptop Keyboard Controller and PS/2 Touchpad Controller
// using a Teensy 3.2 on a daughterboard with a 34 pin FPC connector. The keyboard part number
// is DP/N 0DR160. The Touchpad from an HP DV9000 is part number 920-000702-04 Rev A.
// This routine uses the Teensyduino "Micro-Manager Method" to send Normal and Modifier
// keys over USB. Multi-media keys are not supported by this routine.
// Description of Teensyduino keyboard functions is at www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_keyboard.html
// The PS/2 code was originally from https://playground.arduino.cc/uploads/ComponentLib/mouse.txt
// but the interface to the PC was changed from RS232 serial to USB using the PJRC Mouse functions.
// A watchdog timer was also added to the "while loops" so the code doesn't hang if the Teensy is
// interrupted by I2C or USB traffic.
//
// The test points on the touchpad were wired to a Teensy 3.2 as follows:
// T22 = 5V wired to the Teensy Vin pin
// T23 = Gnd wired to the Teensy Ground pin It's hard to solder to T23 so I soldered to a bypass cap gnd pad.
// T10 = Clock wired to the Teensy I/O 14 pin Pull up to 5 volts is in the touchpad
// T11 = Data wired to the Teensy I/O 15 pin Pull up to 5 volts is in the touchpad
//
// Revision History
// Initial Release Oct 16, 2018
//
//
#define MODIFIERKEY_FN 0x8f // give Fn key a HID code
#define CAPS_LED 13 // Teensy LED shows Caps-Lock
//
#define MDATA 15 // Touchpad ps/2 data connected to Teensy I/O pin 15
#define MCLK 14 // Touchpad ps/2 clock connected to Teensy I/O pin 14
//
//
const byte rows_max = 17; // sets the number of rows in the matrix
const byte cols_max = 8; // sets the number of columns in the matrix
//
// Load the normal key matrix with the Teensyduino key names described at www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_keyboard.html
// A zero indicates no normal key at that location.
//
int normal[rows_max][cols_max] = {
{0,KEY_INSERT,0,KEY_F12,0,0,0,KEY_RIGHT},
{0,KEY_DELETE,0,KEY_F11,0,0,0,KEY_DOWN},
{KEY_UP,KEY_HOME,KEY_MENU,KEY_END,0,0,KEY_PAUSE,KEY_LEFT},
{0,KEY_F8,KEY_F7,KEY_9,KEY_O,KEY_L,KEY_PERIOD,0},
{KEY_QUOTE,KEY_MINUS,KEY_LEFT_BRACE,KEY_0,KEY_P,KEY_SEMICOLON,0,KEY_SLASH},
{KEY_F6,KEY_EQUAL,KEY_RIGHT_BRACE,KEY_8,KEY_I,KEY_K,KEY_COMMA,0},
{KEY_H,KEY_6,KEY_Y,KEY_7,KEY_U,KEY_J,KEY_M,KEY_N},
{KEY_F5,KEY_F9,KEY_BACKSPACE,KEY_F10,0,KEY_BACKSLASH,KEY_ENTER,KEY_SPACE},
{KEY_G,KEY_5,KEY_T,KEY_4,KEY_R,KEY_F,KEY_V,KEY_B},
{KEY_F4,KEY_F2,KEY_F3,KEY_3,KEY_E,KEY_D,KEY_C,0},
{0,KEY_F1,KEY_CAPS_LOCK,KEY_2,KEY_W,KEY_S,KEY_X,0},
{KEY_ESC,KEY_TILDE,KEY_TAB,KEY_1,KEY_Q,KEY_A,KEY_Z,0},
{0,0,0,KEY_PRINTSCREEN,KEY_NUM_LOCK,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,KEY_PAGE_UP,KEY_PAGE_DOWN,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};
// Load the modifier key matrix with key names at the correct row-column location.
// A zero indicates no modifier key at that location.
int modifier[rows_max][cols_max] = {
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_ALT,0,0,0,0,0,0,MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_ALT},
{0,0,MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_SHIFT,0,0,0,MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_SHIFT,0},
{0,MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_CTRL,0,0,0,0,MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_CTRL,0},
{0,0,0,MODIFIERKEY_GUI,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,MODIFIERKEY_FN,0,0}
};
// Initialize the old_key matrix with one's.
// 1 = key not pressed, 0 = key is pressed
boolean old_key[rows_max][cols_max] = {
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
};
//
// Define the Teensy 3.2 I/O numbers (translated from the FPC pin #)
// Row FPC pin # 02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18
// Teensy I/O # 00,22,01,21,02,20,03,19,04,18,05,17,06,24,07,25,08
int Row_IO[rows_max] = {0,22,1,21,2,20,3,19,4,18,5,17,6,24,7,25,8}; // Teensy 3.2 I/O numbers for rows
//
// Column FPC pin # 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26
// Teensy I/O # 33,09,26,10,27,11,28,12
int Col_IO[cols_max] = {33,9,26,10,27,11,28,12}; // Teensy 3.2 I/O numbers for columns
// Declare variables that will be used by functions
boolean touchpad_error = LOW; // sent high when touch pad routine times out
boolean slots_full = LOW; // Goes high when slots 1 thru 6 contain normal keys
// slot 1 thru slot 6 hold the normal key values to be sent over USB.
int slot1 = 0; //value of 0 means the slot is empty and can be used.
int slot2 = 0;
int slot3 = 0;
int slot4 = 0;
int slot5 = 0;
int slot6 = 0;
//
int mod_shift_l = 0; // These variables are sent over USB as modifier keys.
int mod_shift_r = 0; // Each is either set to 0 or MODIFIER_ ...
int mod_ctrl_l = 0;
int mod_ctrl_r = 0;
int mod_alt_l = 0;
int mod_alt_r = 0;
int mod_gui = 0;
//
// Function to load the key name into the first available slot
void load_slot(int key) {
if (!slot1) {
slot1 = key;
}
else if (!slot2) {
slot2 = key;
}
else if (!slot3) {
slot3 = key;
}
else if (!slot4) {
slot4 = key;
}
else if (!slot5) {
slot5 = key;
}
else if (!slot6) {
slot6 = key;
}
if (!slot1 || !slot2 || !slot3 || !slot4 || !slot5 || !slot6) {
slots_full = LOW; // slots are not full
}
else {
slots_full = HIGH; // slots are full
}
}
//
// Function to clear the slot that contains the key name
void clear_slot(int key) {
if (slot1 == key) {
slot1 = 0;
}
else if (slot2 == key) {
slot2 = 0;
}
else if (slot3 == key) {
slot3 = 0;
}
else if (slot4 == key) {
slot4 = 0;
}
else if (slot5 == key) {
slot5 = 0;
}
else if (slot6 == key) {
slot6 = 0;
}
slots_full = LOW;
}
//
// Function to load the modifier key name into the appropriate mod variable
void load_mod(int m_key) {
if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_SHIFT) {
mod_shift_l = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_SHIFT) {
mod_shift_r = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_CTRL) {
mod_ctrl_l = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_CTRL) {
mod_ctrl_r = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_ALT) {
mod_alt_l = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_ALT) {
mod_alt_r = m_key;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_GUI) {
mod_gui = m_key;
}
}
//
// Function to load 0 into the appropriate mod variable
void clear_mod(int m_key) {
if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_SHIFT) {
mod_shift_l = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_SHIFT) {
mod_shift_r = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_CTRL) {
mod_ctrl_l = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_CTRL) {
mod_ctrl_r = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_LEFT_ALT) {
mod_alt_l = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_RIGHT_ALT) {
mod_alt_r = 0;
}
else if (m_key == MODIFIERKEY_GUI) {
mod_gui = 0;
}
}
//
// Function to send the modifier keys over usb
void send_mod() {
Keyboard.set_modifier(mod_shift_l | mod_shift_r | mod_ctrl_l | mod_ctrl_r | mod_alt_l | mod_alt_r | mod_gui);
Keyboard.send_now();
}
//
// Function to send the normal keys in the 6 slots over usb
void send_normals() {
Keyboard.set_key1(slot1);
Keyboard.set_key2(slot2);
Keyboard.set_key3(slot3);
Keyboard.set_key4(slot4);
Keyboard.set_key5(slot5);
Keyboard.set_key6(slot6);
Keyboard.send_now();
}
//
// Function to set a pin to high impedance (acts like open drain output)
void go_z(int pin)
{
pinMode(pin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
}
//
// Function to set a pin as an input with a pullup
void go_pu(int pin)
{
pinMode(pin, INPUT_PULLUP);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
}
//
// Function to send a pin to a logic low
void go_0(int pin)
{
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
}
//
// Function to send a pin to a logic high
void go_1(int pin)
{
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
}
//
// -----------Touchpad Functions--------------
// Function to send the Touchpad a command
void touchpad_write(char data)
{
char i;
char parity = 1;
// put pins in output mode
go_z(MDATA);
go_z(MCLK);
elapsedMillis watchdog; // set watchdog to zero
delayMicroseconds(300);
go_0(MCLK);
delayMicroseconds(300);
go_0(MDATA);
delayMicroseconds(10);
// start bit
go_z(MCLK);
// wait for touchpad to take control of clock
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// clock is low, and we are clear to send data
for (i=0; i < 8; i++) {
if (data & 0x01) {
go_z(MDATA);
}
else {
go_0(MDATA);
}
// wait for clock cycle
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
parity = parity ^ (data & 0x01);
data = data >> 1;
}
// parity
if (parity) {
go_z(MDATA);
}
else {
go_0(MDATA);
}
// wait for clock cycle
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// stop bit
go_z(MDATA);
delayMicroseconds(50);
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// wait for touchpad to switch modes
while ((digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) || (digitalRead(MDATA) == LOW)) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// put a hold on the incoming data.
go_0(MCLK);
}
//
// Function to get a byte of data from the touchpad
//
char touchpad_read(void)
{
char data = 0x00;
int i;
char bity = 0x01;
// start the clock
elapsedMillis watchdog; // set watchdog to zero
go_z(MCLK);
go_z(MDATA);
delayMicroseconds(50);
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
delayMicroseconds(5); // wait for clock ring to settle
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) { // eat start bit
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
for (i=0; i < 8; i++) {
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
if (digitalRead(MDATA) == HIGH) {
data = data | bity;
}
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
bity = bity << 1;
}
// ignore parity bit
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// eat stop bit
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == HIGH) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
while (digitalRead(MCLK) == LOW) {
if (watchdog >= 200) { //check for infinite loop
touchpad_error = HIGH; // set error flag
break;
}
}
// put a hold on the incoming data.
go_0(MCLK);
return data;
}
void touchpad_init()
{
touchpad_error = LOW; // start with no error
go_z(MCLK); // float the clock and data to touchpad
go_z(MDATA);
// Sending reset to touchpad
touchpad_write(0xff);
touchpad_read(); // ack byte
// Read ack byte
touchpad_read(); // blank
touchpad_read(); // blank
// Default resolution is 4 counts/mm which is too small
// Sending resolution command
touchpad_write(0xe8);
touchpad_read(); // ack byte
touchpad_write(0x03); // value of 03 gives 8 counts/mm resolution
touchpad_read(); // ack byte
// Sending remote mode code so the touchpad will send data only when polled
touchpad_write(0xf0); // remote mode
touchpad_read(); // Read ack byte
delayMicroseconds(100);
}
//----------------------------------Setup-------------------------------------------
void setup() {
for (int a = 0; a < cols_max; a++) { // loop thru all column pins
go_pu(Col_IO[a]); // set each column pin as an input with a pullup
}
//
for (int b = 0; b < rows_max; b++) { // loop thru all row pins
go_z(Row_IO[b]); // set each row pin as a floating output
}
touchpad_init(); // reset touchpad, then set it's resolution and put it in remote mode
if (touchpad_error) {
touchpad_init(); // try one more time to initialize the touchpad
}
}
//
boolean Fn_pressed = HIGH; // Initialize Fn key to HIGH = "not pressed"
extern volatile uint8_t keyboard_leds; // 8 bits sent from Host to Teensy that give keyboard LED status. Caps lock is bit D1.
//
// declare and initialize touchpad variables
char mstat; // touchpad status reg = Y overflow, X overflow, Y sign bit, X sign bit, Always 1, Middle Btn, Right Btn, Left Btn
char mx; // touchpad x movement = 8 data bits. The sign bit is in the status register to
// make a 9 bit 2's complement value. Left to right on the touchpad gives a positive value.
char my; // touchpad y movement also 8 bits plus sign. Touchpad movement away from the user gives a positive value.
boolean over_flow; // set if x or y movement values are bad due to overflow
boolean left_button = 0; // on/off variable for left button = bit 0 of mstat
boolean right_button = 0; // on/off variable for right button = bit 1 of mstat
boolean old_left_button = 0; // on/off variable for left button status the previous polling cycle
boolean old_right_button = 0; // on/off variable for right button status the previous polling cycle
boolean button_change = 0; // Active high, shows when a touchpad left or right button has changed since last polling cycle
//---------------------------------Main Loop---------------------------------------------
//
void loop() {
// Scan keyboard matrix with an outer loop that drives each row low and an inner loop that reads every column (with pull ups).
// The routine looks at each key's present state (by reading the column input pin) and also the previous state from the last scan
// that was 30msec ago. The status of a key that was just pressed or just released is sent over USB and the state is saved in the old_key matrix.
// The keyboard keys will read as logic low if they are pressed (negative logic).
// The old_key matrix also uses negative logic (low=pressed).
//
for (int x = 0; x < rows_max; x++) { // loop thru the rows
go_0(Row_IO[x]); // Activate Row (send it low)
delayMicroseconds(10); // give the row time to go low and settle out
for (int y = 0; y < cols_max; y++) { // loop thru the columns
// **********Modifier keys including the Fn special case
if (modifier[x][y] != 0) { // check if modifier key exists at this location in the array (a non-zero value)
if (!digitalRead(Col_IO[y]) && (old_key[x][y])) { // Read column to see if key is low (pressed) and was previously not pressed
if (modifier[x][y] != MODIFIERKEY_FN) { // Exclude Fn modifier key
load_mod(modifier[x][y]); // function reads which modifier key is pressed and loads it into the appropriate mod_... variable
send_mod(); // function sends the state of all modifier keys over usb including the one that just got pressed
old_key[x][y] = LOW; // Save state of key as "pressed"
}
else {
Fn_pressed = LOW; // Fn status variable is active low
old_key[x][y] = LOW; // old_key state is "pressed" (active low)
}
}
else if (digitalRead(Col_IO[y]) && (!old_key[x][y])) { //check if key is not pressed and was previously pressed
if (modifier[x][y] != MODIFIERKEY_FN) { // Exclude Fn modifier key
clear_mod(modifier[x][y]); // function reads which modifier key was released and loads 0 into the appropriate mod_... variable
send_mod(); // function sends all mod's over usb including the one that just released
old_key[x][y] = HIGH; // Save state of key as "not pressed"
}
else {
Fn_pressed = HIGH; // Fn is no longer active
old_key[x][y] = HIGH; // old_key state is "not pressed"
}
}
}
// ***********end of modifier section
//
// ***********Normal keys section
else if (normal[x][y] != 0) { // check if normal key exists at this location in the array (a non-zero value)
if (!digitalRead(Col_IO[y]) && (old_key[x][y]) && (Fn_pressed)) { // check if key is pressed and was not previously pressed and no Fn pressed
old_key[x][y] = LOW; // Save state of key as "pressed"
load_slot(normal[x][y]); //update first available slot with normal key name
send_normals(); // send all slots over USB including the key that just got pressed
}
else if (digitalRead(Col_IO[y]) && (!old_key[x][y])) { //check if key is not pressed, but was previously pressed
old_key[x][y] = HIGH; // Save state of key as "not pressed"
clear_slot(normal[x][y]); //clear the slot that contains the normal key name
send_normals(); // send all slots over USB including the key that was just released
}
}
// **************end of normal section
//
// ******Add Multi-Media key coding here if needed
//
}
go_z(Row_IO[x]); // De-activate Row (send it to hi-z)
}
//
// **********keyboard scan complete
//
// Turn on the LED on the Teensy for Caps Lock based on bit 1 in the keyboard_leds variable controlled by the USB host computer
//
if (keyboard_leds & 1<<1) { // mask off all bits but D1 and test if set
go_1(CAPS_LED); // turn on the LED
}
else {
go_0(CAPS_LED); // turn off the LED
}
//
// poll the touchpad for new movement data
over_flow = 0; // assume no overflow until status is received
touchpad_error = LOW; // start with no error
touchpad_write(0xeb); // request data
touchpad_read(); // ignore ack
mstat = touchpad_read(); // save into status variable
mx = touchpad_read(); // save into x variable
my = touchpad_read(); // save into y variable
if (((0x80 & mstat) == 0x80) || ((0x40 & mstat) == 0x40)) { // x or y overflow bits set?
over_flow = 1; // set the overflow flag
}
// change the x data from 9 bit to 8 bit 2's complement
mx = mx >> 1; // convert to 7 bits of data by dividing by 2
mx = mx & 0x7f; // don't allow sign extension
if ((0x10 & mstat) == 0x10) { // move the sign into
mx = 0x80 | mx; // the 8th bit position
}
// change the y data from 9 bit to 8 bit 2's complement and then take the 2's complement
// because y movement on ps/2 format is opposite of touchpad.move function
my = my >> 1; // convert to 7 bits of data by dividing by 2
my = my & 0x7f; // don't allow sign extension
if ((0x20 & mstat) == 0x20) { // move the sign into
my = 0x80 | my; // the 8th bit position
}
my = (~my + 0x01); // change the sign of y data by taking the 2's complement (invert and add 1)
// zero out mx and my if over_flow or touchpad_error is set
if ((over_flow) || (touchpad_error)) {
mx = 0x00; // data is garbage so zero it out
my = 0x00;
}
// send the x and y data back via usb if either one is non-zero
if ((mx != 0x00) || (my != 0x00)) {
Mouse.move(mx,my);
}
//
// send the touchpad left and right button status over usb if no error
if (!touchpad_error) {
if ((0x01 & mstat) == 0x01) { // if left button set
left_button = 1;
}
else { // clear left button
left_button = 0;
}
if ((0x02 & mstat) == 0x02) { // if right button set
right_button = 1;
}
else { // clear right button
right_button = 0;
}
// Determine if the left or right touch pad buttons have changed since last polling cycle
button_change = (left_button ^ old_left_button) | (right_button ^ old_right_button);
// Don't send button status if there's no change since last time.
if (button_change){
Mouse.set_buttons(left_button, 0, right_button); // send button status
}
old_left_button = left_button; // remember new button status for next polling cycle
old_right_button = right_button;
}
//
// End of touchpad routine
delay(22); // The overall keyboard scanning rate is about 30ms
}